General zia ul haq, chief of the army staff, became chief martial law administrator in july 1977 and president in september 1978. Political ulema supported zia but argued that islamizing the country was not zias job instead he should hold elections and transfer power to the elected representatives who. He served as the head of state from 1978 until his death in 1988. The estalishment of pakistan through two nation theory hindus and muslims. Elimination of general zia assassination of muhammad zia.
It ended only with his death in a stillunexplained aircraft crash on august 17, 1988. Gen r hameed gul interview with anchor muhammad imran khan general shaheed zia ul haq duration. Do you think ziaulhaq was good or bad for pakistan. He told me that his father was in the midst of making major changes in the military hierarchy and saw no point in going to this tank demonstration. Zia ul haq and islamization when general zia ul haq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1997, islamization was given a new boost. Many people in pakistan blame former dictator general ziaul haq for the rise of extremism in their country. Zia ul haq was no demagogue and certainly had no soft corners for western style democracy.
Brightopen mindedliberal pakistan, but general zia ul haq has been classified as a man having an identity and taste altogether different than ayub, yahya and musharraf. He was well known for his work to contain soviets in afghanistan and islamization of pakistan and afghanistan. In the speech, he accused politicians of exploiting the name of islam. Kennedy on february 10, 1979, president ziaulhaq promul gated four ordinances, collectively referred to as the hudood ordi nances singular, hadd, which were crafted to make significant revisions in pakistans criminal law. He sustained a military government while strengthening islamic institutions and practices. The steps taken by general zia were in this direction and had a longterm impact. Islamization in pakistan implementation of the hudood ordinances charles h. Muhammad ziaulhaq simple english wikipedia, the free. The zia era 19771985 with the promulgation of the islamic system by general zia ul haq the ulama and the dini mad underwent certain changes. General zia ul haq 19771988 made islamization the social and political order of the country, the cornerstone of his government farooq 1985.
Aug 26, 20 zia ul haq died 25 years ago, but the laws and ideologies pushed by the fundamentalist general are still shaping pakistan. Zia ul haq had himself identified instantly, and, as later events had conclusively proved, they became his steadfast allies for the cause of islamization in pakistan. Pakistan by general ziaulhaq who persistently focused on adopting and enforcing the. General ziaulhaq was a practicing muslim who raised the slogan of islam. Jan 09, 20 zia ul haq and islamization when general zia ul haq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1997, islamization was given a new boost. Zia established separate shariat judicial courts and court benches to judge legal cases using islamic doctrine. The death of president muhammad ziaulhaq of pakistan and his top deputies in august 1988 altered the face of the countrys politics in pakistan in a way in which no simple coup detat could have done. Haq 19771988, who, while using islam to buttress his brutal hold on power, turned pakistan into a frontline state for the united statess proxy war against the soviet occupation of afghanistan. When general ziaulhaq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1977, islamization was given a new boost. Shaheed e islam general muhammad zia ul haq by muhammad. Zia ulhaq joined the army before partition, and he occasionally offended his british superiors with his refusal to give up religious and cultural traditions and to adopt the westernized ways of british indian officers, haqqani wrote. Mohammad ziaulhaq, pakistani chief of army staff, chief martiallaw administrator, and president of pakistan 197888.
Educated at delhi university, zia saw action in world war ii as a british indian army officer before opting for. Viewpoints special edition the islamization of pakistan. The two merged as part of a religiously denominated national security doctrine that turned pakistans re. Muhammad ziaulhaq 12 august 1924 17 august 1988 was a fourstar general who became the sixth president of pakistan after declaring martial law in 1977. After the brutal conflict in 1971 it is clear that pakistan learnt nothing apart from more hatred because general muhammad ziaulhaq would consolidate his power base during 1977 and 1978 and the new president of pakistan was intent on installing more islamization. The civilianization of military rule in pakistan jstor. On december 2, 1978, general muhammad ziaulhaq delivered a nationwide address on the occasion of the first day of the hijra calendar. He sincerely adopted concrete steps for the islamisation process in pakistan. Zia was commissioned in 1945 from the royal indian military academy in dehra dun and served with the british armoured forces in southeast asia at the end of world war ii. An overview 267 pakistan, allamaiqbal and quaidiazam, put forth the vision of a modern islamic state for pakistan. Zia ul haq wanted to give a real working islamic system to the country. Mohammad ziaulhaq president of pakistan britannica. General zia, with the help of state institutions, weakened the secular and progressive forces and introduced the hudood, qisas and diyat in legal system of pakistan and federal. He suspended the constitution, with the armys stated objective being to create an environment in which fair elections could be held.
Zia era general muhammad ziaulhaq was the one who enforced martial law for the third time in the brief history of pakistan. Ziaulhaq, looking at all facts objectively, created the retrogressive muslim culture in pakistan, fanning sectarian divides, manipulating allahs name to line up the ignorant masses in a. His program impact national and regional political, relgious and security situations. Apr, 20 bhutto and islamization in pakistan references 1 bhutto zia and islam by syed mujawarhussain shah 2 thoughts on some aspects of islam by zulfikar ali bhutto former prime minister of pakistan 3. Zia ulhaq died 25 years ago, but the laws and ideologies pushed by the fundamentalist general are still shaping pakistan. The growing intolerance for minority groups in pakistan, which had begun in the 1970s, received full state support under general ziaulhaq, who pushed wahhabioriented islamization12 in the country.
Aug 23, 2016 president general mohammad zia ul haq, in a meeting with iraqi president mr. Zia ulhaqs legacy in pakistan enduring and toxic the star. Viewpoints special edition the islamization of pakistan, 1979. Islamization under zia 19771988 when ziaulhaq took the power in his hands, there was a popular conception that every government paid only lip service to islam and no sincere effort was ever made in this direction. Mohammad zia ulhaq mohammad zia ulhaq 19241988, an army officer, was president of pakistan from 1978 until his death in an air crash that was a suspected assassination. Aug 19, 2016 sharization or islamisation was the primary policy, or centerpiece of the government of general muhammad zia ul haq, the ruler of pakistan from 1977 until his death in 1988.
General zia ulhaq, chief of the army staff, became chief martial law administrator in july 1977 and president in september 1978. Feb 28, 2016 islamization doctrine is routed in pan islamic movement started before birth of pakistan on august 14,1947. General muhammad zia ul haq introduced many draconian laws in which nonmuslims. E ffects of zias islamization on pakistan general zia is a controversial figure in the history of pakistan. General zia ul haq was a practicing muslim who raised the slogan of islam. From the late 1970s onwards the armed forces of pakistan were systematically islamised, especially by the dictatorship of general ziaulhaq historians have hinted at zias approbation of islamic scholar and founder of the fundamentalist jamatiislami, abul ala maududi, as the main inspiration behind his islamization manoeuvres. He was opposed by the elite class of pakistan, who were dissatisfied with his rapid islamisation of pakistan. Various governments have used this to their benefit. May 11, 2016 when general zia ul haq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1977, islamization was given a new boost. Sectrarian conflicts in pakistan humanitarian library. Zia ulhaqs legacy in pakistan enduring and toxic the. Ziaulhaq committed himself to enforcing his interpretation of nizamemustafa rule of the prophet muhammad, i. Zia took over with the declared purpose of resolving the rift between bhuttos peoples party and the combined opposition to hold free and fare elections within 90 days. He was president from 1978 until his death in 1988.
July 5 marks the 40th anniversary of the 1977 military coup which brought general ziaul haq into power. He remains the countrys longestserving head of state. Ziaulhaq and islamization when general ziaulhaq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1997, islamization was given a new boost. Pdf causes of general zia ul haqs islamization program. Islam in pakistan under bhutto and ziaulhaq springerlink. Pdf during his reign, general zia ul haq a military chief and president of pakistan started the islamization program in the country. The islamization of pakistan, 19792009 middle east institute. Apparently the dividing line between bhuttos islamization and zia ulhaqs. Zia lived in a mansion in a residential area reserved for army generals in rawalpindi. This was done by including provisions to that effect in successive constitutions. He was a staunch adherent of islam and zealous believer in prophecies of prophet muhammad in 1977 at the behest of popular public support, he overthrew the secular bhutto to change the course of pakistani and islamic history. August 12, 1924 august 17, 1988, was a pakistani general officer and military dictator. Brightopen mindedliberal pakistan, but general ziaulhaq has been classified as a man having an identity and taste altogether different than ayub, yahya and musharraf. Ziaulhaq who is usually held uniquely responsible for islamization of pakistans legal system restored matters by setting limits on the islamization of the country.
During his reign, general zia ul haq a military chief and president of pakistan started the islamization program in the country. General ziaulhaq and islamization islamic inquisition. Second child and eldest son of muhammad akram, a teacher in the british army, zia ul haq was born on august 12, 1924, at jalandhar. Enuszia ul haq from pakistan pronunciation voice of america. Islamization under general ziaulhaq khalidriazblog. Shorty after coming to power, zia made the islamization of pakistan the official policy of his government. Feb 06, 2016 gen r hameed gul interview with anchor muhammad imran khan general shaheed zia ul haq duration. Muhammad ziaulhaq 12 august 1924 17 august 1988 was 6th president of of pakistan 19771988. Zia era general muhammad zia ul haq was the one who enforced martial law for the third time in the brief history of pakistan. Kennedy on february 10, 1979, president zia ul haq promul gated four ordinances, collectively referred to as the hudood ordi nances singular, hadd, which were crafted to make significant revisions in pakistans criminal law system. President general mohammad ziaulhaq, in a meeting with iraqi president mr.
Muhammad zia ul haq was born in a punjabi arain family in jalandhar, punjab province of british india, on 12 august 1924 as the second child of muhammad akbar, who worked in the administrative corps of the army ghq of india command of british armed forces in delhi and simla, prior to the independence of india from british colonial rule in 1947. General ziaulhaqs ambitious islamization program visavis gender status in. When general ziaulhaq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1997, islamization was given a new boost. Architecture of zias islamization pakistan defence. However, his predecessor zulfikar ali bhutto had been preparing the coming of zias programme, making the dividing line in the islamization programme anything but clearcut. Zia regime has been a piece of hot debate and serious discussion in the history of pakistan. He did this in order to usher in an islamic system to pakistan. Zias eldest son, ijaz ulhaq, also believed that his father had been manipulated by the military into going to the tank demonstration. While it was easy to file a case against a woman accusing her of adultery, the zina ordinance made. However, after its emergence, the orthodox ulema exerted relentless efforts to turn pakistan into a theocratic state. After ayub khan first military dictator, ziaulhaqs reg. Bhutto and islamization in pakistan references 1 bhutto zia and islam by syed mujawarhussain shah 2 thoughts on some aspects of islam by zulfikar ali bhutto former prime minister of pakistan 3.
Under this ordinance islamic punishments were to be awarded for the following offences. Ziaulhaq committed himself to enforcing his interpretation of. General ziaulhaqs eleven year authoritarian rule over pakistan is. General mohammad zia ul haq, chief of the army staff coas, took control of pakistan by proclaiming martial law, beginning the longest period of rule by a single leader in pakistans history. General ziaulhaq 19771988 made islamization the social and political order of the country, the cornerstone of his government farooq 1985. Second child and eldest son of muhammad akram, a teacher in the british army, ziaulhaq was born on august 12, 1924, at jalandhar. The islamic sentiment has always been fully alive in pakistan. The military regime seemed to have capitalized from the fact that the pakistan national alliance pna, vindicated by a. Jun 10, 2017 it was not just zia ul haq but every military dictator except yahya khan was good for pakistan. Mohammad zia ul haq 19241988, an army officer, was president of pakistan from 1978 until his death in an air crash that was a suspected assassination. Islamization under general ziaulhaq islamization and. Islamization also spelled islamisation, see spelling differences.
General muhammad ziaulhaq introduced many draconian laws in which nonmuslims. Aug 17, 2017 zia ulhaq joined the army before partition, and he occasionally offended his british superiors with his refusal to give up religious and cultural traditions and to adopt the westernized ways of british indian officers, haqqani wrote. Oct 28, 2010 after the brutal conflict in 1971 it is clear that pakistan learnt nothing apart from more hatred because general muhammad zia ul haq would consolidate his power base during 1977 and 1978 and the new president of pakistan was intent on installing more islamization. Ziaulhaque and the proliferation of religion in pakistan.
Ziaulhaque and the proliferation of religion in pakistan jamal shah abstract though pakistan is the result of an islamic movement in undivided india, islam was never institutionalized politically and militarily till zia took power on july 5 th 1977 as a result of coup detat. Elimination of general zia assassination of muhammad ziaulhaq. Educated at delhi university, zia saw action in world war ii as a british indian army officer in burma and. He was born in jalandhar of indian punjab and migrated to pakistan after partition of subcontinent in 1947. And, no less important than these was his masterly handling of the afghan crisis culminating in the withdrawal of the soviet army in 1989. As a first step towards islamisation, hadood ordinance was enforced in feb 1979. Islamization doctrine is routed in pan islamic movement started before birth of pakistan on august 14,1947. Bhutto was subsequently deposed and hanged by the military dictator ziaulhaq. Islamization under general ziaulhaq affected the judicial system.
Ziaulhaqs islamisation campaigns have been much highlighted in the international media, and, like bhutto, were used as a legitimising agent or strategy to. It was started in british india after first world war in 1920s. Pakistans islamization before and after dictator ziaul haq. Islamization of the polity and induction of decency in politics. When general zia ul haq took over as the chief martial law administrator on july 5, 1977, islamization was given a new boost. Media in category muhammad ziaulhaq the following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. Islamic provision of pre 1973 constitution provided base for islamization. General mohammad zia ulhaq, chief of the army staff coas, took control of pakistan by proclaiming martial law, beginning the longest period of rule by a single leader in pakistans history.
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